MySQL培訓教程:Select查詢多個表
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我要咨詢MySQL培訓教程:Select查詢多個表,查詢多個表,FROM子句列出表名,并用逗號分隔,因為查詢需要從他們兩個拉出信息。
當組合(聯結-join)來自多個表的信息時,你需要指定在一個表中的記錄怎樣能匹配其它表的記錄。這很簡單,因為它們都有一個name列。查詢使用WHERE子句基于name值來匹配2個表中的記錄。
因為name列出現在兩個表中,當引用列時,你一定要指定哪個表。這通過把表名附在列名前做到。
現在有一個event表:
mysql>select * from event;
+----------+------------+----------+-----------------------------+
| name | date | type | remark |
+----------+------------+----------+-----------------------------+
| Fluffy | 1995-05-15 | litter | 4 kittens, 3 female, 1 male |
| Buffy | 1993-06-23 | litter | 5 puppies, 2 female, 3 male |
| Buffy | 1994-06-19 | litter | 3 puppies, 3 female |
| Chirpy | 1999-03-21 | vet | needed beak straightened |
| Slim | 1997-08-03 | vet | broken rib |
| Bowser | 1991-10-12 | kennel | NULL |
| Fang | 1991-10-12 | kennel | NULL |
| Fang | 1998-08-28 | birthday | Gave him a new chew toy |
| Claws | 1998-03-17 | birthday | Gave him a new flea collar |
| Whistler | 1998-12-09 | birthday | First birthday |
+----------+------------+----------+-----------------------------+
當他們有了一窩小動物時,假定你想要找出每只寵物的年齡。 event表指出何時發生,但是為了計算母親的年齡,你需要她的出生日期。既然它被存儲在pet表中,為了查詢你需要兩張表:
mysql> SELECT pet.name, (TO_DAYS(date) - TO_DAYS(birth))/365 AS age, remark
-> FROM pet, event
-> WHERE pet.name = event.name AND type = "litter";
+--------+------+-----------------------------+
| name | age | remark |
+--------+------+-----------------------------+
| Fluffy | 2.27 | 4 kittens, 3 female, 1 male |
| Buffy | 4.12 | 5 puppies, 2 female, 3 male |
| Buffy | 5.10 | 3 puppies, 3 female |
+--------+------+-----------------------------+
同樣方法也可用于同一張表中,你不必有2個不同的表來執行一個聯結。如果你想要將一個表的記錄與同一個表的其他記錄進行比較,聯結一個表到自身有時是有用的。例如,為了在你的寵物之中繁殖配偶,你可以用pet聯結自身來進行相似種類的雄雌配對:
mysql> SELECT p1.name, p1.sex, p2.name, p2.sex, p1.species
-> FROM pet AS p1, pet AS p2
-> WHERE p1.species = p2.species AND p1.sex = "f" AND p2.sex = "m";
+--------+------+--------+------+---------+
| name | sex | name | sex | species |
+--------+------+--------+------+---------+
| Fluffy | f | Claws | m | cat |
| Buffy | f | Fang | m | dog |
| Buffy | f | Bowser | m | dog |
+--------+------+--------+------+---------+
在這個查詢中,我們為表名指定別名以便能引用列并且使得每一個列引用關聯于哪個表實例更直觀。